For different small stars, the methods of prevention are also different.For example, a pulse type can be adopted directly, blasting, blasting, or using gravitational trailers, solar sails, and light pressure to slowly change the trail of small asteroids.
Zhao Haibin Zijin Mountain Observatory researcher, chief scientist of nearly celestial celestial detection and solar celestial body research group
3月22日，一颗迪拜塔两倍大小的小行星2001 FO32与地球进行了近距离“会晤”——有惊无险的安全飞掠地球，尽管小行星撞击地球的概率很小，但一旦The consequences were unimaginable.
In 1994, Comet, “Samek -Lievi 9”, collided with Jupiter’s largest planet in the solar system.For more than 5 consecutive days, more than 20 comet fragments hit Jupiter. This is equivalent to more than 5 days. The 2 billion atomic bombs exploded over Jupiter. Determination can be imagined.
With the lessons of the front car, our scientists have carried out closely monitoring of near the near -earth asteroid.The asteroid who “passed by” with the earth also provided valuable observation opportunities for astronomers, enabling them to observe a little asteroid formed by the beginning of the solar system.
Closely monitor dangerous near -earth planets
Among the many small celestial bodies (including asteroids, meteors, wise stars, etc.), one type is called potential threat celestial bodies.”Become a potential threatening celestial body requires two conditions: first, the distance is close enough, to reach the orbit distance from the earth less than 0.05 astronomical units (about 7.5 million kilometers); the second is that the volume is large enough, the diameter is greater than 140 meters.”Zhao Haibin, a researcher at the Shanxi Observatory, the near -earth celestial detection, and the chief scientist of the Solar Celestial Research Group, said in an interview with a reporter from the Science and Technology Daily that if a near -earth asteroid met these two conditions at the same time, it is the potential threat celestial body of the earth.
In fact, the implication of potential threat celestial bodies is a threat to the overall earth.Zhao Haibin further explained that some small asteroids with small near -earth stars can be very close to the earth but will not be included in the potential threat celestial bodies, because they are not enough to affect the overall influence of the earth.Some of these smaller targets may enter the moon distance and even the synchronous satellite track. Even if they hit the earth, because the atmosphere of the earth can consume part of its substances, it only leaves a small amount of meteorites.So big, but due to the large number of, their threat to the safety of the earth and human life should not be underestimated.
To prevent the invasion of near -ground celestial bodies, it is necessary to continuously monitor and early warning. This task is mainly achieved by large astronomical telescope, especially the astronomical telescope of the large field of view.”For the monitoring and early warning of near the ground, it is found that it is the first.” Zhao Haibin emphasized that we can only evaluate whether it pose a threat to the earth after discovering it and tracking the observations and obtaining accurate tracks, so it is found that it is a prerequisite in time.
Many data from the global monitoring and early warning of celestial bodies come from the United States, which depends on a large number of telescopes in the United States.In China, a Schmi Special Optical Telescope, which is 1.04 meters with a optical diameter of Zijin Mountain Observatory, can carry out monitoring and early warning of near -ground asteroids. This astronomical device called “Near the Celestial Telescope” is also the current international asteroid monitoring networkThe only telescope that contributes Chinese data normalized.
“Near -earth celestial telescope has found more than 20 near -earth planets, of which 5 near -ground stars are potential threat celestial bodies.” Zhao Haibin told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that although the number of domestic equipment is small, the address is relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single, but we are relatively single.Still trying to provide China’s contribution.
Prevent different “foreign guests” in different methods
What should human beings do if near -earth asteroids are threatened by the survival of the earth?
In fact, the monitoring and early warning of small asteroids is not the ultimate goal, and the threat to resolve the earth’s threat is the purpose. This is the so -called “defense of the asteroid”.
“The most direct way of defense is to change the running track of the asteroid.” The solution that Zhao Haibin made was briefly. The reason is that the asteroid and the earth belong to the sports celestial bodies in the solar system, which will inevitably be affected by the gravity of the solar system.
If you want to make the asteroid changing or rails, you need to consider the volume, operating speed, composition material, and mechanical characteristics of the asteroid.Because there are many types of asteroids, the defense methods need to be carefully considered.
In 2005, the United States implemented a spatial impact on a comet -the impact device released by the “Deep Insulting” detector “hit” a comet 431 million kilometers from Earth.Zhao Haibin analyzed it with examples. This is the attempt of human beings to defense near the small stars. One of its intentions is to understand what kind of operations need to be operated if the near -earth celestial bodies are about to hit the earth and change its running track.
Zhao Haibin revealed that in the next few years, human beings will conduct a impact test on the asteroid in a double -star system. At that time, the asteroid in the double stars may become the first celestial body to change the track by humans in the solar system.The impact experiment, known as the “dart plan”, will provide important data for human beings to achieve near -earth celestial defense.
“For different small asteroids, the methods of prevention are different. For example, a pulse -type method can be adopted directly to impact, blast, or use gravitational trailers, solar sails, and light pressure to slowly change the small”Planet track” Zhao Haibin introduced that these two methods are currently in the process of research.
The value of studying asteroids is not only to resolve threats
Needless to say, the primary value of studying asteroids is to resolve the threat of reality. As mentioned above, astronomers study the dynamic track and physical characteristics of small asteroids, which can provide key to prevent the impact of small asteroids and the hazards of evaluation impacts.data.
In addition, the research of Xiaoxing has important scientific significance.Zhao Haibin said that, for the source of life and water, near the stars of near the earth or near -ground comets are the key doubts of human beings.It may be that they bring the seeds and water of life to the earth.Come.
Xiaoxing itself also has a lot of mysteries to be solved.”It itself is the product of the original astrolabe of the solar system to the middle product of the planet process.” Zhao Haibin further explained that there are planets, dwarf planets, and asteroid in the solar system. Of course, there will be some gas dust.In this system, the asteroid is the “semi -finished product” of the star stages during the evolution of the Sun Nebula to the planet.Studying asteroids has important support for the evolution of the ultimate scientific issues of cosmic science.
